Foundations in DNA 2 of 5: Understanding and Using Y-DNA and mtDNA

In an engaging session from the Foundations in DNA webinar series, professional genealogist and DNA expert Blaine Bettinger explores the power of Y-DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in genealogical research. Designed for both new and experienced researchers, this comprehensive presentation offers a deep dive into how these specific types of DNA can illuminate direct paternal and maternal lineages—critical tools for breaking down brick walls and verifying traditional research. As the second class in a five-part series, the webinar provides essential concepts and practical strategies for leveraging these genetic tests to uncover family connections spanning centuries.

• Precise Lineage Tracing: Unlike autosomal DNA, which becomes diluted over generations, Y-DNA and mtDNA follow distinct inheritance paths—father to son and mother to all children, respectively. This clear inheritance allows genealogists to pinpoint ancestry along unbroken paternal or maternal lines, making these tests ideal for verifying or challenging long-held genealogical hypotheses.
• Powerful Evidence in Hypothesis Testing: Bettinger highlights how Y-DNA and mtDNA are particularly useful when records are sparse or inconclusive. For instance, by testing descendants from different branches of a common ancestor, researchers can confirm biological relationships or uncover unexpected parentage events—often with just a few well-placed tests.
• Accessible and Lasting Results: Once tested, results from Y-DNA and mtDNA remain valid indefinitely and can provide value for years to come. Bettinger emphasizes the importance of using Family Tree DNA, which hosts the largest databases for both test types. He also offers guidance on finding suitable test-takers when direct male or female-line descendants are unavailable.

Don’t forget to explore the accompanying six-page syllabus packed with additional resources, charts, and actionable guidance. This supplemental material complements the webinar and equips genealogists with tools to apply DNA techniques directly to their own research. Dive in and discover how these tests can transform your understanding of family history.